Download Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, by Dominic Green
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Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, by Dominic Green
Download Three Empires on the Nile: The Victorian Jihad, 1869-1899, by Dominic Green
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About the Author
Dominic Green studied English Literature at St. John's College, Oxford. After a brief career as a jazz guitarist in London, he returned to academia to pursue graduate study in the history of religion at Harvard University. He lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Product details
Paperback: 352 pages
Publisher: Free Press; Reprint edition (January 1, 2011)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 145163160X
ISBN-13: 978-1451631609
Product Dimensions:
6 x 0.9 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.2 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
4.5 out of 5 stars
27 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#1,426,912 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
I really enjoyed this book. This is a book about British involvement in Egypt and Sudan between 1869 and 1899. Much of the policies undertaken then by the British parliament echo present day policies in the Middle East. If you are interested in the history of the Middle East, read this book!I most enjoyed the chapters on the Mahdi. According to Islamic traditions, the Mahdi will come to save Muslims from their imminent collapse in society and deliver them from the hands of the unbelievers (the non-Muslims). His name will be Mohammad, like the prophet be peace upon him, and his father will likewise be named Abdullah, like the prophet's father. His appearance will signal the end of days, or the coming of the Day of Judgment. During the Mahdi's lifetime, Jesus Christ will also return to rule the world, according to Islam.It is quite clear that the self-proclaimed Sudanese Mahdi was not the awaited Mahdi Moslems all over the world are waiting for. Yet he was able to save his people from British rule, and successfully retook Khartoum and killed General Gordon after a 300 days siege. Gordon's body was mutilated, and his head severed and taken to the Mahdi. Yet in the process hundreds of thousands of Sudanese died. Was the price worth the freedom from British rule? Interestingly, the Mahdi at first refused to use guns and rifles to fight the British armies, believing that since God was on his side, guns and rifles would be unnecessary. He soon realized though that this was foolishness at its best, not to mention suicide.Another suicidal strategy was to run in masses towards the armed British forces, equipped with rifles and cannons. Thousands of Sudanese died this way, their bodies piled on top of each other. Since any Muslim who dies in Jihad goes straight to Heaven, the Sudanese army was keener of dying in battle and going to Heaven than actually winning the battle. This attitude is clearly shown today in unnecessary terrorist attacks.The Mahdi died quite young, in his early forties and shortly after defeating the British forces. His dreams were of conquering Egypt and then the Gulf states (Middle East), thus cutting the British forces from their Empire in the East (mainly India) and defeating the Ottoman Empire. But right after his death, chaos erupted between the Sudanese and civil war arose between them. The British forces, seeing an opportunity, re-conquered Sudan. The Mahdi's dream was destroyed.Interestingly, during the Sudanese Mahdi's time, another self-proclaimed Mahdi appeared in Libya. However, the Libyan Mahdi did not want anything to do with the Sudanese Mahdi. This demonstrates how religion is used for political ambitions. None of them was the true awaited Mahdi, yet both believed they were.The chapters on General Gordon (Chinese Gordon) and Mr. Gladstone were also very interesting. It is really amazing to read that Gordon was abandoned by the British during the siege of Khartoum. If only the British sent reinforcements to Gordon, the city would never have fallen and the Mahdi would have been defeated. But politicians back in London, mainly Mr. Gladstone, thought that Gordon was not in need of reinforcements, despite his repeated insistence. Politics! Politicians! Being behind a desk thousands of miles away is much different than being under the line of fire, and this is as true today as ever.It is interesting that some in the British parliament thought that the Sudanese have a right to rule their own country and that the British forces should leave Sudan. Debates actually arose on this point, and this was one of the reasons the British forces were delayed in coming to Gordon's aid. When they finally arrived, it was too late. Gordon was dead and Khartoum had fallen. Another reason for the delay in troop deployment was that Sudan was a burden on the British economy, with more money being invested than actual returns. Sudan was not financially attractive, but rather a financial drain.The chapters on the ruling Egyptian khedive (viceroy) Ismail Pasha were also interesting. Ismail Pasha was westernized, having been educated in Paris, and he liked living the life of an aristocrat. He spent a lot of money for his self entertainment and on acquiring land. But he also borrowed a lot of money from the British to build his country; money that he couldn't pay back. It was Ismail Pasha, together with a French engineer, who built the Suez Canal, separating the Continent of Africa from the Middle East and turning it into an island!His administrative policies, notably the accumulation of an enormous foreign debt, were instrumental in leading to British occupation of Egypt in 1882. When he assumed power, the Egyptian national debt stood at £7,000,000; by 1876 this debt had increased to almost £100,000,000. Eventually Ismail was exiled from his country after bankrupting it and left with all his personal belongings and his personal harem (probably his most important asset) aboard a ship headed for Sicily. He never returned, yet his legacy lives on today by the city named after him, Ismailia. He died on March 2, 1895, in Istanbul.This book reads like a novel, and apart from being informative, is very entertaining. I highly recommend it.
You could not have invented these characters and this conflict if you were writing fiction. I usually read history with a bias against the self-serving and self-important British but here they are outdone by the inhumanity and barbarity of the other players. Keeping track of all the characters is a bit of a chore, but Green does as good a job as could be done. It is a gripping well-paced telling of a side of Empire-building we don't often examine. If you, like I, visualize what you read, don't read it on a full stomach or just before you fall to sleep.
The Islamic fundamentalist movement and its quest for world domination is hardly a recent trend, as this well-crafted and hugely interesting book well illustrates. Over a hundred years ago, Victorian Britain, The Ottoman Empire, and an Islamic ascetic who self-declared himself as The Mahdi (the "chosen" or "guided" one) wrestled for power and dominion in Egypt and the Sudan, with Britain eventually gaining the upper hand in the pivotal battle of Omdurman in 1898. The latter battle is noteworthy for involving a young Winston Churchill in the last mounted charge in history undertaken by British cavalry. This book is interlaced with the involvement of some of the most influential, colorful, and powerful figures in the 19th Century: Generals Wolseley, Kitchener, and Gordon; Winston Churchill; Queen Victoria; Prime Ministers Disraeli and Gladstone of Great Britain; Ferdinand De Lesseps, architect of the Suez Canal; and of course The Mahdi -- a charismatic and dogmatic leader, who after the fall of Khartoum and the death of General Gordon appears to have opted for a dissolute lifestyle that may have contributed to his death instead of promoting the former call to Jihad. A great read, and for a more micro view of the same events I would heartily recommend Byron Farwell's "Prisoners of The Mahdi", recounting the experiences of some of the Mahdi's European prisoners during his reign.
This review pertains to the MP3 audio CD. It is a very well written story, very well read, and very well produced. Often the Urabia revolt and resulting Battle of Tel el-Kebir (1882) are treated as separate events from the Mahdi's rise in the Sudan, the siege of General Gordon in Khartoum (1884), and the reconquest of Khartoum through the Battle of Omdurman (1898). This story ties those together along with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 and attempts at Western European alliances with each other, with the Ottoman Empire, and with Egypt for economic and political influence and military action in Egypt and the Sudan as well as the struggle in English politics between the faction thirsting for a "Cape to Cairo" empire in Africa and the anti-colonialist faction.
More comprehensive than single titles focused on Gordon at Khartoum or Omdurman; the gradual creep of,reluctant British imperialism is detailed from the building of the Suez Canal, resulting financial insolvency for Egypt, the drift out of the Turkish Sultan's orbit, Wolsley's failed expedition to rescue Gordon, and the ultimate technological assault of Kitchener on the Mhadi's forces. The early inspirations of Al Quaeda and Isis are all laid out. Fluidly written and engaging.
I found this book enthralling because it relates a part of history that I knew nothing about: Egypt during the Victorian era and attempts by their corrupt rulers to negotiate with the British occupiers, the importance of the Suez canal and struggles of British politicians and military to protect it, the strange, passionate Charles Gordon who became the hero of the seige of Khartoum, the rise of the Madhi in the Sudan who led the first Islamic Jihad in 1869, and the unbelievable bloodshed throughout. This history is all a preview to what is going on i the Middle East and Africa today.
I had listened to this book from the library and bought this particular one for my brother. Good book. Why are these radical Muslims still living in caves???
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